Standard cosmology relies on unseen dark matter and dark energy to explain how galaxies spin and why the universe expands at an accelerating rate. Physicists long assumed that the fabric of space must have symmetric geometry with zero internal twist. Removing that geometric restriction allows space to twist, generating mathematical terms that account for cosmic acceleration and galaxy motion without adding mysterious substances.
In classical general relativity, space is modeled as a four-dimensional manifold where connection points mirror each other symmetrically. When researchers relax this symmetry, the structure twists like threads woven into a helical yarn. This twist splits the geometric field into symmetric curvature, which governs normal gravitational pull, and antisymmetric torsion, which adds a rotational stiffness to space. The resulting non-local equations produce the exact gravitational signatures previously attributed to dark matter and dark energy.
The authors applied this parameter-free mathematical framework to modern cosmological surveys, testing the equations against nine separate observational datasets. The model calculated the local Hubble constant at 71.34 plus or minus 0.38 kilometers per second per megaparsec. Across all nine tests, the torsion model achieved a statistical improvement of delta chi-squared equal to minus 320.2 over the standard cosmological model while matching observational data from Planck, DESI 2024, and SLACS.
According to the researchers, this geometric formulation resolves the Hubble tension, the S8 parameter tension, dark energy, and six galaxy rotation crises within a single mathematical structure. The framework produces falsifiable empirical predictions across cosmological scales while maintaining exact conformance with existing galaxy and space telescope datasets.